Shrines of Italy: Basilica of the Holy XII Apostles

The Basilica of the Holy XII Apostles is believed to have been built during the reign of Constantine, and was later expanded by order of Pope Pelagius in the sixth century. Located in the center of modern day Rome, the structure that we see today is actually a 15th century Baroque style reconstruction of the original church, which was destroyed in a massive earthquake in the mid-14th century.

Originally, the basilica was dedicated to the Apostles Phillip and James, but by the 16th century, its name had been updated to include all twelve of the Apostles. This change was prompted by the transference of relics pertaining to the Apostles into the crypt underneath the church. These relics are believed to have been discovered initially by Saint Helena, who was the mother of Emperor Constatine.

The main body of the church is both ornate and expansive, with the walls and ceiling displaying many paintings, statues, and elaborate design elements characteristic of the Baroque style. Above the main altar in particular is a massive painting which depicts the martyrdom of Saints Phillip and James. It is believed to be the largest painting of its kind in all of Rome, measuring an impressive 46 feet in height.

To the right of the main altar is a life-sized statue of Our Lady, depicted here as the Woman of Revelation with a crown of twelve stars around her head. Among other things, these stars often represent the 12 Apostles, which is a fitting choice for a basilica dedicated to them.

Additionally, there are many side altars located throughout the church, each with an impressive painting of its own. In some areas, you can even find monuments dedicated to the various artists and benefactors who played a role in the design and embellishment of the church throughout its history. Taken together, it becomes clear that there is a much richer significance to this church than one might initially expect, particularly when viewed from the narrow streets outside.

Just prior to the sanctuary, you can find a series of steps leading down into the crypt underneath the main altar. This crypt is where the tombs of Saint Phillip and Saint James are preserved along with various other relics, and it is divided into three distinct parts, accessible through a semi-circular hallway.

The tombs are located in the center of this hallway, while to the left you can find a small chapel containing a variety of ancient frescoes which once adorned the original basilica prior to its destruction in the earthquake. To the right, you will find larger chapel containing an altar and frescoes which date back to the 14th century. Both of these chapels are still used for Mass on various feast days throughout the year.

In general, the Basilica of the 12 Apostles is one those places that genuinely feels bigger on the inside. And thanks to the crypt underneath, that statement is almost as literal as it is metaphorical. Much like the Faith itself, it must be entered into before its true significance can be discovered.